Morocco orchestrated two significant border incidents in 2021, allowing thousands of its citizens to cross into the Spanish city of Ceuta, while a separate event involved only sub-Saharan African migrants. In May 2021, Morocco facilitated the entry of approximately ten thousand Moroccans into Ceuta in what was described as an 'invasion play'. During this event, not a single sub-Saharan African migrant entered the city. This was notable given their significant presence in the region. On July 30, Morocco staged another 'occupation play' involving a human march, permitting 80,000 Moroccans to enter Ceuta, again with no sub-Saharan African migrants among them. Later, on August 15, a separate attempted incursion occurred where all participants were from sub-Saharan Africa, with no Moroccans present. Following the initial May 2021 events, 30% of Spaniards believed Morocco would alter its behavior, but after these subsequent incidents, the entire Spanish population reportedly considers Morocco an enemy.
Unusual Incursions and Spanish Reaction
Two days after the May event, on May 19, Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez visited Ceuta, showing the gravity of the situation. The July 30 march into Ceuta created significant problems and fear within Spain, prompting the Spanish government to suspend its summer agenda. The scale of the incursion was immense, with 80,000 Moroccans entering and effectively controlling parts of Ceuta. Following the July 30 event, a grim discovery was made as 180 bodies were found in the city's waters and along its shores. Approximately 10,000 minors and 10,000 adults were left without shelter or were perceived as causing terror in Ceuta after the July 30 incident. The beaches of Ceuta were subsequently polluted with buoys, slippers, shoes, and clothing, a stark visual representation of the chaos that ensued. These events led to increased calls for Pedro Sánchez to retract his 2022 recognition of autonomy for Western Sahara. Some European countries, including Italy, have called for Morocco to be held accountable for attempting to invade European territory, noting the international concern over Morocco's actions.
Morocco's Demands and Blackmail
Morocco allegedly hacked Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez's phone using Pegasus software following his visit to Ceuta, according to claims made in the article. This incident, the article asserts, was subsequently used by Morocco to blackmail Mr. Sánchez. The alleged blackmail aimed to compel Spain into recognizing autonomy for Western Sahara, meeting Morocco's demands concerning the territory and aid, and influencing European courts to prevent the invalidation of EU-Morocco trade and fishing agreements. Morocco's strategic goals reportedly include pressuring Spain to cede Western Sahara's waters and airspace for direct negotiation with the European Union, particularly regarding fishing rights. The article further claims that Morocco seeks to secure these concessions from the current Pedro Sánchez government, operating under the belief that such agreements would not be attainable with a future Spanish administration. Against this backdrop, various Spanish entities are reportedly warning the government against succumbing to what they characterize as Moroccan blackmail to secure agreements on Sahrawi waters and airspace.
Exploiting Weakness and External Factors
The article suggests Morocco may have been emboldened by external factors, including former U.S. President Donald Trump's reported displeasure with Spain. Mr. Trump's anger regarding Spain's stance on Gaza and Iran could have led him to "turn a blind eye or secretly encourage the action to 'discipline' Spain," according to the claims. This perceived international backing or lack of opposition may have played a role in Morocco's calculus.
The perceived vulnerability of the current Spanish government was another contributing element. Morocco was reportedly aware that the Spanish administration "would not react strongly" to its actions, which the article identifies as a factor encouraging Morocco's maneuvers. This perceived weakness, coupled with the potential for external encouragement, created an environment ripe for Morocco's assertive tactics.
Legal Challenges and Future Implications
Many associations and legal professionals are reportedly preparing lawsuits against Morocco, alleging exploitation of child minors in political disputes. These legal actions show the ethical and humanitarian concerns raised by the border incidents. In a significant legal development, the association Iustitia Europa filed a complaint with the Spanish National Court concerning the mass entry of migrants from Morocco into Ceuta. The complaint specifically seeks an investigation into the potential responsibilities of Moroccan authorities for the events at the Ceuta border. This includes examining the role of King Mohammed VI, as stated in the complaint filed by Iustitia Europa, indicating a direct challenge to the highest levels of Moroccan leadership regarding these controversial events. The ongoing legal battles and political pressures suggest a prolonged period of tension and scrutiny over Morocco's actions and its relationship with Spain and the wider European community.